* At birth he was named Gaius Octavius after his biological father. Throughout his life, the man historians refer to as Augustus was known by many names: Was succeeded as Emperor by his adopted son (also stepson and former son-in-law) Tiberius. He may have died from natural causes, though there were unconfirmed rumors that his wife Livia poisoned him.
He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system,Įstablished a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the CityĪugustus died in 14 AD at the age of 75. Beyond the frontiers, he secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states, and made peace with Germania, and completed the conquest of Hispania. Despite continuous wars or imperial expansion on theĮmpire's frontiers and one year-long civil war over the imperial succession, the Mediterranean world remained at peace for more than two centuries.Īugustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia, expanded possessions in Africa, expanded into The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana (The Roman Peace). Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire. The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen"). It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribuneĪnd censor.
In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a militaryĭictator. Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies.
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The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its members: Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, andĪntony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Augustus in 31 BC.Īfter the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Following their victory at Phillipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic between themselves and ruled as military dictators. Together with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, he formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins Ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.īorn into an old, wealthy equestrian branch of the Plebeian Octavii family, Augustus was adopted posthumously by his maternal great-uncle Gaius JuliusĬaesar in 44 BC following Caesar's assassination. Augustus, September 23, 63 BC August 19, 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, Notes about Gaius Octavius Julius CAESAR Augustus (Latin: Imperator Caesar Divi F.
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